HOW TO MAKE HYBRID PLANT AND THEIR APPLICATION

      When two protoplasts of different or same plants are fused. Then Hybrid plants are formed. This phenomenon is known as Somatic Hybridization.

This technique involves the following steps:

 ·         Isolation of protoplasts

    ·         Fusion of the protoplasts

   ·         Selection of hybrid cells

 ·         Culture of hybrid cells

 ·         Regeneration of plants

  1.      Protoplast isolation:

·         Cells or tissues treated with suitable mixture of cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinase and cellulose enzymes.

·         pH of enzyme solution is between 4.7 and 8.0  and temperature is about 25⁰-30⁰C.

·         Add 500-800 m mol 1- sorbital to the mixture to prevent the brusting of protoplasts.

·         Protoplast is isolated from the cell.

    2.      Protoplast fusion:

·         Equal amount of desired species protoplasts are mixed in the enzyme mixture.

·         pH-10.5 and temperature is 37⁰C.

·         28-50% PEG (polyethylene glycol) treated with protoplast.

·         Washing of protoplast to remove the PEG.

·         Protoplasts are fused after washing.

   3.      Selection of hybrid cells:

·         Protoplast of different plants species are fused.

·         Visual marker such as Genetic complementation Phytotoxins, Specific amino acid, Auxin autotrophy, Antibiotics, Herbicides are used to identify the parental protoplast in hybrid protoplast.

   4.      Culture the protoplast:

·         Hybrid cells are cultured on suitable medium provided with the appropriate culture conditions.

·         Callus are formed from the hybrid protoplast in the cultured medium.

   5.      Regeneration of Hybrid plants:

·         Plants are induced to regenerate from hybrid callus.

·         These hybrid plants must be at least partially fertile.

 Applications of Hybrid Plants:

·         Hybrid seeds planted by the farmer produce similar plants.

·         Hybrid plants give better yield.

·         Uniformity

·         Improved color and Disease resistance

Article Written By:

Dr. Navneet Kaur Brar [B.sc Medical, M.sc Biotechnolgy]

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Thank you

with regards.

Er. Jagmeet Singh brar.